The classical record of the pathways and disorders of the twelve meridians, and the core text of channel theory.
Ling Shu (灵枢)Meridians and Points
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
The English is translated from the Chinese vernacular. The original text and its pinyin sit beneath each sentence in smaller type; hide them whenever you prefer to read the translation alone.
When a human being first comes to be, essence is formed first. When essence is complete the brain and marrow are generated: bone serves as the frame, vessels as the conduits of nourishment, sinews give strength, flesh is the wall, and when the skin is firm the hair grows. Grain enters the stomach, the vessel pathways open, and blood and qi begin to move.
rén shǐ shēng,xiān chéng jīng,jīng chéng ér nǎo suǐ shēng,gǔ wéi gàn,mài wéi yíng,jīn wéi gāng,ròu wéi qiáng,pí fū jiān ér máo fā zhǎng,gǔ rù yú wèi,mài dào yǐ tōng,xuè qì nǎi xíng。
The channels are what allow one to decide life and death, to deal with the hundred diseases and to regulate excess and deficit; they cannot be unknown.
The lung channel of hand taiyin begins in the middle burner, descends to connect with the large intestine, returns along the mouth of the stomach, passes through the diaphragm and belongs to the lung. From the lung system it emerges sideways below the axilla, descends along the inner upper arm in front of the hand shaoyin and hand jueyin channels, reaches the elbow, follows the lower border of the radius, enters the inch mouth, ascends to the thenar eminence, runs along its border and emerges at the tip of the thumb.
The Jing Mai chapter is the foundation of the entire channel system. For each of the twelve meridians it gives the pathway from the extremities to the head and trunk, the organs it connects, and the disorders that arise when it is depleted or replete.
Its opening statement, that the meridians determine life and death, manage the hundred diseases and regulate deficiency and excess, is quoted on the front page of this site because it states the claim on which acupuncture rests. The chapter is also the source of the standard method of channel-based diagnosis: identify which channel is affected, then treat along that channel.
ANNOTATION
Inner upper arm (臑内): the medial aspect of the upper arm.
Below the upper bone (上骨下廉): the lower border of the radius; 廉 means edge.
Fish (鱼): the thenar eminence, the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb.
Movement illness (是动病): disorders arising when channel qi moves abnormally.
Generated illness (所生病): disorders arising from dysfunction of the organ to which the channel belongs.
COMMENTARY
This chapter is the constitution of clinical acupuncture. To select points by pattern, one must first know in which channel the illness lies; to say that a point treats a disorder, one must first know to which channel the point belongs and which organ it connects. Learn the twelve courses by recitation, then add the channel signs given here, and pattern discrimination will have its measure. The channel courses in modern textbooks are largely taken from this text.