Diagnostic Essentials and the End of the Meridians
The location of qi in each season, the needling appropriate to it, and the signs of a channel ending.
Su Wen (素问)General Principles of Needling
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
The English is translated from the Chinese vernacular. The original text and its pinyin sit beneath each sentence in smaller type; hide them whenever you prefer to read the translation alone.
In the first and second months heaven’s qi begins to order itself, earth’s qi begins to issue, and human qi is in the liver.
In the eleventh and twelfth months the ice returns, earth’s qi closes completely, and human qi is in the kidney.
ORIGINAL十一月十二月,冰复,地气合,人气在肾。
shí yī yuè shí èr yuè,bīng fù,dì qì hé,rén qì zài shèn。
In all needling of the chest and abdomen, the five viscera must be avoided.
ORIGINAL凡刺胸腹者,必避五脏。
fán cì xiōng fù zhě,bì bì wǔ zàng。
A wound to the heart kills within a day; to the spleen within five days; to the kidney within seven days; to the lung within five days. Wounds to the diaphragm all injure the interior: though the illness seem to improve, death comes within the year.
To avoid the five viscera in needling is to know the contrary and the concordant.
ORIGINAL刺避五脏者,知逆从也。
cì bì wǔ zàng zhě,zhī nì cóng yě。
—— 《素问·诊要经终论》
Zhen Yao Jing Zhong Lun connects diagnosis with seasonal physiology. It describes where qi is concentrated in each of the four seasons, and therefore where and how deeply to needle, and it warns that needling the wrong layer at the wrong time injures the corresponding organ.
The chapter also gives the classical signs of each channel ending, a sequence of failing functions that remains useful as a description of terminal decline. Its central instruction, that needling the chest and abdomen must avoid the five zang, is the earliest explicit statement of what is now called needling safety.
ANNOTATION
Heaven’s qi first rectifies (天气始方): 方 means correct; the qi of heaven begins to distribute normally.
Death within the cycle (环死): 环 means a full round — death within a single day.
Injury to the interior (伤中): damage to the internal organs.
Upward staring (戴眼): both eyes turned up and fixed, unable to move.
COMMENTARY
The first half treats needling in accord with the seasons, the second treats contraindications and the termination of channels. They look like two pieces but are one: knowing where heaven’s timing and human qi reside, one knows how deep to needle; knowing where the organs lie, one knows the limits of needling. Modern needling accidents arise mostly from deep insertion on chest and back — the ancients warned of this earnestly and at length.